Numerous changes have been introduced in the legislative framework for cohesion policy 2014-2020 to support marginalised communities, thus replacing the ad hoc scheme of the previous funding period with integrated and strategic approaches. Overall, improvements are reported on available EU funding, legal requirements and implementation on the ground. Whereas it is still too early to provide evidence as to whether EU funds are designed and put into practice in a way that includes and benefits marginalised communities, case studies and stakeholders suggest that further progress is still necessary. In particular, persistent obstacles and bottlenecks are often linked to underlying discrimination and segregation that prevents greater effectiveness. Therefore, an even stronger role for the EU including through cohesion policy instruments remains necessary.